Tuesday, January 31, 2012

Eden's Post on 20th Century and Information

20th Century and Information: A Mystery


I loved this post, and how Eden tied in both information and 20th Century (those are my two groups too). 

A thought about the last comment Eden made: Nearly everyone I have spoken to about SOPA (outside of this class of course) has no idea what is going on. This is insane! People need to be more informed. Ashamedly, I place myself in this category as well. One reason why I took this class is so I can learn to be better informed on current issues by utilizing the huge store of knowledge we have at our finger-tips. It is important to become more involved, and I wish more people could see what is going on. 

Improving our Educational System-Starting at the Beginning


To introduce this, let me first say that I am an Elementary Education major, and I learned a lot about our current school system and some helpful innovations it could use through one of my classes. If you are interested what I am about to say, please read Breaking through the Learning Barrior by George Nielson because that is where my inspiration came from. 

In the way schools are set up now, a teacher lectures in front of the class and hands out homework where you are supposed to work quietly and write the answers you think your teacher wants you to know. Then you regurgitate the information for a test, and you forget everything at the end of the year. This is a very inefficient process because students never actually learn anything, and any child who does not work well with lectures and quiet work lags behind. These children are labeled as “at risk” learners and believe themselves to be stupid. Everyone else thinks they are the most intelligent beings on the planet and learn just as much as the “stupid” kids, absolutely nothing.

What I propose is this. We should teach in such a way that students practice newly learned skills as we are teaching them. We teach them why it is important to learn about the topic, teach them basic information, and have them discover on their own through practical, hands-on activities. For those students who prefer activities to lectures (who doesn’t?) this will help them to learn and succeed by learning about the same topics in new ways. This also helps all students to retain information after the year is over and actually use their knowledge in the real world.

I personally have had experience changing lesson plans from lecture style to this style of hands-on learning, and it is not that difficult. Some may argue that it is more difficult to manage a classroom this way, but I think it would help students by engaging them in learning while getting out their wiggles in productive activities, so in reality, this helps to manage a classroom. This is not that difficult. We just need teachers to be on board with this and be willing to change their ways slightly to accommodate more students and make their learning matter.

Tuesday, January 24, 2012

Thoughts on Censorship

When ever I think of the government deciding what you say when, I am tempted to post all kinds of anti-censorship thoughts. However, I also think censorship is really important, and I think the internet needs more regulation on this subject. We all know how easy it is for pornographic websites to enter our homes. Even if you have a filter, things can slip through. What I hate is that a lot of pornographic sites are labeled in such a way to attract the most innocent audience possible in order to get them hooked. They are labeled with names like "Disneyland" and "Pocahontas" or things spelled in a very similar way. Most filters can detect this problem before a child views something that is anything but innocent. However, a lot of filters have no way to distinguish a lot of other pornographic material. I have a strong filter on my computer, but I am always wary of looking up something on Google images because odd things have popped up before. The same goes for you tube videos. I do not know a lot about how filters work or who is supposed to censor this material, but I think something needs to be done about it.

20th century from the view of Metamorphosis

As I was studying the historical context of Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis, I came to the conclusion that I should post about it on my blog since it was written in the 20th century. As a Jewish man in Germany during World War I, Kafka was certainly in on the action and contributed to literary history of the time as well. He was a big part of the Existentialist movement. This was also at the time of the Feminist movement (which was shown though Gregor's sister, Grete, but I will try not to analyze literature in this post). Women starting trying to fight against the belief that a woman's sole purpose was to care for men. I think I might ramble on that on a later post. That's about all I have from my background section of my Metamorphosis paper. It's not much, but it got me thinking about future posts.

Thursday, January 19, 2012

Digital Divide has Invaded My Apartment!

I thought it was interesting that after I learned about digital divide in class, I saw it in the real world. One of my roommates was really nice to her brother and let her use her cell phone for a couple weeks. I never noticed any change, but she told me that she felt disconnected because she was the only one who was not texting or talking to someone of a phone. She felt unplugged, and she liked not feeling a sense of freedom from technology. However, this lack of attachment to technology was creating a bit of a digital divide.

I know this is only a small portion of what people with very little access to technology are experiences. Those impoverished people who have no access to the internet are falling more and more behind in our society. If something does not change this digital divide is only going to get worse and worse.

Civil War: The real beginning of America

Before the Civil War, America was a collection of states. Instead of having a sense of nationalism, there was a pride in own's state. After the war, America became a country. At first, there was definite division between North and South, but this was the beginning of states being united together. I do not think it is a coincidence that America did not become a world power until after the Civil War.

Wednesday, January 11, 2012

America's view of WWII Germany: evil, merciless soldiers or victims?

As I said in my earlier post, WWII seems to be a time when people did not try to understand foreigners, and there seemed to be a lot of nationalism, which is interesting because nationalism was at the root of Hitler's arguments. Interesting that both sides had this common root. What does that say about our views of WWII? Maybe we weren't the heroes most Americans think we were. Also, I think Germany deserves some empathy, or at least, most of the population does. After WWI, Germany was punished severely. Poverty was everywhere and hope was scarce. This was the perfect opportunity for a new leader to take over with new ideas that seemed to promise prosperity for the country. It was a way for people to feed their families and fix their economy. No one had any idea what terrible things would ensue. If I was in that situation, I would be tempted to support anyone who could offer hope. Unfortunately, this new leader for the people was Adolf Hitler. Before the German people knew it, children were brain-washed, and everyone lived in fear. I would like to propose that some of the greatest victims of Hitler's tyranny were his own people. Granted, I am not putting down anyone's suffering in WWII (mainly the Jews). Those poor people in concentration camps were more victimized than anyone who was brain-washed in Germany. I am just saying that American citizens should not have labeled Germans as evil. Once more, we need to watch ourselves because we could very well end up in the same state if we do not think critically about everything we are told and explore all of the information out there. I think this is a great idea that relates to digital civilization.

Some thoughts on WWII Art

So thankfully, I actually saw the WWII art display at the MOA last winter, which will hopefully help me learn about the 20th Century. It was really interesting. Nearly everything was full of propaganda, including Disney cartoons. There were several advertisements for help towards the war, whether it was enlisting, buying bonds, or sending supplies. This is where the famous "I Want You" Uncle Sam poster comes in. It was interesting how US art demonstrated the enemy in the War. Everyone in those countries seemed to be merciless savages whose main goal in life was to make Americans miserable. It seems to be a time when people did not try to understand foreigners, and there seemed to be a lot of nationalism. I just got some thoughts to go off on a nice tangent so I will do that in my next post. Anyway, the styles of the time are also very interesting. I seem to think of the new Captain America movie when I look back on all of the art I saw. I think the movie did a very good job in that sense.

Renaissance Humanism

The Renaissance is often described as a rebirth of the Classical Age. Although a return to classical thought and expression is a common characteristic of Renaissance art, there are many other characteristics that describe this time of exploration and experimentation. Paul Oskar Kristeller’s four points of Renaissance Humanism may be the best way to describe this incredible time in history.
First, Kristeller says that in Renaissance art, “there is the emphasis on man, on his dignity and privileged place in the universe.” In other words, humanists believed that man has the potential to become God and that man is made to be the center of the universe. This point is well-illustrated by the writings of Marsilio Ficino, who began a Neo-Platonist Academy centered on this philosophy. He argues that since man has made so many scientific discoveries, no one can deny that he possesses “almost the same genius as the Author of the heavens” (Mat 40).  The centrality of man is shown in architecture through central plan. Buildings with this plan were viewed best when you stood in the center, making man the measure of all things, which also shows his divinity. One example of this plan is seen in Sant’Andrea by Alberti, which contains a basilica reconciled with central plan. These and many other examples show the popular humanists belief that man has a privileged place in the universe.
Secondly, Kristeller illustrates that Renaissance culture contains a degree of individualism, or the tendency to express “the concrete uniqueness of one’s feelings, opinions, experiences, and surroundings. Perhaps the best example of this lies in Montaigne’s essays, which introduces the popularity of personal writings. He writes about his experiences and thoughts about issues, showing that there is a uniqueness in his own thoughts and ideas that is worth sharing with the world. This is also expressed in Raphael’s School of Athens. Every philosopher in the painting is doing some unique action from the rest that reflects their personality and interests. For instance, Plato is pointing towards the heavens, reflecting that the ideal form is not of this world while Aristotle has his hand outstretched over the earth, indicating that ideal forms are within the things themselves. Individualism is also shown through every individual face in the painting. Each one is unique and reflects a figure from Raphael’s day. Individualism is also shown in music as each unique voice is clearly distinguishable from the rest while still combining with harmony. One example of this is seen Ava Maria by Josquin des Prez, which demonstrates imitative counterpoint and choral polyphony really well. Clearly, individualism is a common idea in Renaissance art.
Thirdly, Renaissance humanism is widely known to be connected with fundamental classicism through a “taste for elegance, neatness, and clarity of style.” This return to classicism can be seen through quotes from classical authors as well as an internal change of thought to classical ideas. One literary example can be found in Petrarch’s Africa, a Virgilian epic written in Cicero’s style. It is written completely in classical style, but it is not merely an imitation of Virgil’s or Cicero’s work. Petrarch’s writings show that he has read so much classical work that he now thinks much in the same way Cicero did. Therefore, his writings sound similar to Cicero, but they still have a certain uniqueness and originality. A similar transition into classical thought can be seen in the work of Donatello, including St. George, David, and many of his other sculptures. After spending a lot of time studying classical sculpture with his companion, Burlesque, Donatello began to think like a classical sculpture, much like Petrarch began to think like a classical writer. Donatello’s work does not imitate classical sculpture, but it naturally contains classical styles while he creates a work that is completely unique. The rebirth of a classical love for elegance, neatness, and clarity of style can also be seen in Renaissance music through choral polyphony. Songs with choral polyphony, such as is seen in William Byrd’s Fantasia for Strings, shows a concern for blending, balancing, and pleasing harmony. Specifically, Fantasia for Strings uses different tones of violins to create a pleasing harmonious sound. In this and many other instances, you can see why nearly everyone associates the Renaissance with fundamental classicism with its taste for elegance, neatness, and clarity of style.
The last point illustrated by Kristeller is the repeated attempts to revive philosophical doctrines from antiquity. Particularly, Renaissance thinkers loved the works of Plato. In fact, there was a huge movement towards Neo-Platonism, which studied Plato’s writings and connected them with a belief in man’s divine potential. This is seen perhaps most clearly in Michelangelo’s paintings of the ceiling in the Sistine Chapel. If he followed the trend of those before him, he would have started with creation and painted his way through history. However, he began with the Drunkenness of Noah, which represents appetite. He then painted the Creation of Adam, which represents will, or becoming. Finally, he paints the creation of the world, demonstrating intellect and the concept of being. Here we see the progression of man and his divine potential. This is also seen in Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Man,  which says “you shall be able to be reborn out of the judgment of your own soul into the higher beings, which are divine.” This shows a revival of Plato’s idea of idea forms. Renaissance humanists try to reach their idea form by being reborn into higher beings and becoming like God. Music as well as the other arts tried to find the ideal form in beauty and harmony of its creation. This may be seen with Absalon fili mi as well as other works by Josquin des Prez and his concern for creating a more expressive, organic whole. This may be a search to create music at it’s most ideal and expressive form. This is seen throughout the Renaissance as humanists attempted to revive philosophical doctrines from antiquity.
Renaissance humanism is a very useful way to describe works in the Renaissance, as you can see the multitude which fit humanist ideals. However, there are limitations to this method of describing the Renaissance. Many well-known artists from the Renaissance do not fit the descriptions found in Kristeller’s writings. For example, although Montaigne is an example of humanism through his personal writings and quotes from antiquity, he completely rejects the idea that man is the center of the universe and is very against Pico della Mirandola’s writings. Also, Machiavelli fights against the idea of man possessing god-like virtues. In his work, The Prince, he describes man as a selfish creature with horrible qualities that must be dealt with. Perhaps the greatest example against using Kristeller’s points to describe the Renaissance is Leonardo DaVinci, perhaps the most well-known figure from the Renaissance who rejects many humanist ideas. He almost never quotes a classical work or author. The only time he did was for scientific research. He had no concern for other human beings. In fact, he watched public executions and said “most men are but sacks of food.” However, he did show an interest in the beauty of the human body and how it works, which may demonstrate man’s divine qualities, but as a whole Leonardo did not fit any of Kristeller’s points.
Although there are these obvious exceptions to Renaissance humanism, as a whole, the four points described are perhaps the best way to describe the Renaissance. There is a clear emphasis on man’s divine potential, expression of individualism, connection with fundamental classicism, and revival of philosophical doctrines from antiquity. For the most part, these clearly describe work from this incredible era that is called, the Renaissance.

What I know about the Renaissance

Just to warn you, this is what I like to call "idea vomiting." I am simply regurgitating everything I know about this subject without further research so I know where to start.

I just took Civ 1 where we talked about the Renaissance, but it was mainly focused on the arts. We talked a lot about Renaissance humanism, which spread rapidly. I'm going to post my work so far on Renaissance humanism, but the main components are (1) an emphasis on man, and his dignity and privileged place in the universe, (2) individualism, (3) a connection to fundamental classicism, and (4) an attempt to revive philosophical doctrines from antiquity.

Some other aspects of the Renaissance is that it was a time of war and much conflict, which surprised me because of the beautiful harmony reflected in art at the time. Machiavelli describes this political turmoil. Even the Pope was involved in warfare. However, the Pope was also involved in sponsering the arts. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe the Pope at the time of Raphael worked with him a lot in order to create much of the art inside the Vatican.

It was also an age of exploration and when printing really began. Aldus Manutius was famous among Italian printers in Venice because of his beautiful italic typesetting. He did tons of classical work and printed fairly small volumes to be carried. This created much more access to information.

I believe another theme in the Renaissance was universalism. This was demonstrated by Leonardo da Vinci who was a man of both science and art. He dived into every area of science possible as well as created beautiful works of art that have remained famous throughout the ages. This was also shown by Alberti who did nearly everything on the planet.

There were also several other famous people at the time. Raphael was a young artist with many beautiful works, including The School of Athens. Donatello pioneered Renaissance sculpture through his rendition of David, the first male nude in bronze since antiquity. Brunelleschi pioneered Renaissance architecture which several astonishing works including the Florentine Chapel, Hospital for Foundings, and the Potsa Chapel. Botticelli completed many astonishing works, including Birth of Venus which represents many ideals from the Renaissance. Cellini sculpted many scenes from antiquity, including Perseus. Massaccio jump-started Renaissance painting and was greatly influenced by Giotto, Burlesque, and Donatello. He uses perspective to artfully make a significant figure the focus point.  He also made characters more real and showed more emotion. He also went back to classical styles by painting many figures in the contraposto stance. Montaigne demonstrated individualism through personal essays. Lorenzo "the Magnificent" created some art himself while sponsoring many local artists. Cosimo de Medicci was also called Pater patrize, or father of the city. He was also a great patron to the arts. Michelangelo created many works in nearly all media, including sculpture and architecture. He also showed clear Neo-Platonist ideas through his paintings of the sistine chapel. Uccello was obsessed with perspective in his paintings which was new in the Renaissance. Piero della Francesca also painted with symbolic significance and wrote a book of perspective. Machiavelli wrote The Prince which challenged many humanist ideas, but he also tied greatly to classical works, which is a component of Renaissance Humanism. There are several other important contributors to the Renaissance, but this paragraph is already ridiculously long.

So I just realized how much I know about the Renaissance because I just outlined some main points, and I haven't even brought up Renaissance music yet or the development of many different instruments. I didn't even fully describe Renaissance humanism, but I will leave it at that and post my work on humanism from last semester. Hopefully, I will come to see how all of this information relates to digital civilization!

Saturday, January 7, 2012

How Digitally Civilized Am I?

Not much. I know Microsoft, Facebook, Google, and Wikipedia well. At least, I would like to think so. I know how to function, but that is about it. I have been thinking about taking a class at BYU to learn how to become a proper college student in the digital age because my fail-safe computer guru is leaving on his mission soon. I have always come to him whenever I was confronted with technology, but now I will need to learn on my own. I am both scared and excited about this class because it will be challenging, but it will also be a much-needed learning experience.